Nature dependent tourism– Combining big data and local knowledge. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., McNulty, V.P., Constantine, S., Costa-Morel, M., Anthony, V., Cole, A.D., Hall, G., Nickel, B.A., Schill, S.R., Schuhmann, P.W., Tanner, D., Journal of Environmental Management. (2023).
Covid-19: Implications for Nature and Tourism. Spalding, M., Burke, L., Fyall, A. Anatolia. (2020).
Global patterns in mangrove recreation and tourism. Spalding, M. & Parrett, C.L. Marine Policy. (2019).
Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism. Spalding, M. Burke, L., Wood, S.A., Ashpole, J., Hutchison, J., zu Ermgassen, P. Marine Policy (2017).
Setting objectives for oysters habitat restoration using ecosystem services: A manager’s guide.zu Ermgassen, P., Hancock, B., DeAngelis, B., Greene, J., Schuster, E., Spalding, M., Brumbaugh. The Nature Conservation, Arlington, VA. 76 pp (2016). – See more at: https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/Area-basedManagement/mow/mow-library/Pages/default.aspx#sthash.EE6V0P7O.dpuf
Coastal “blue” carbon. A revised guide to supporting coastal wetland programs and projects using climate finance and other financial mechanisms.Herr, D. T. Agardy, D. Benzaken, F. Hicks, J. Howard, E. Landis, A. Soles and T. Vegh (2015). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1762-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.10.en
Is Investing in Ocean Health a Key to Our Urban Future? Damanaki, M. The Cornerstone: The Journal of Sustainable Finance and Banking. (2015)
Attaining Aichi Target 11: How well are marine ecosystem services covered by protected areas? Discussion Paper prepared for the World Parks Congress Spalding,M., Burke,L., Hutchison,J., zu Ermgassen,P., Thomas,H., Ashpole,J., Balmford, A., Butchart, S., McIvor,A., McOwen, C., McSharry, B., Merriman, J., and T. Spencer (2014)
Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning. Protecting Marine Spaces: Global Targets and Changing Approaches. Spalding, M., Meliane, I., Milam., A., Fitzgerald, C., and L.H.Hale (2013)
Eighteenth Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice:Agenda item 9.4: Progress on implementation of conservation and restoration – prepared by The Nature Conservancy
Fisheries
Identifying correlates of coral-reef fish biomass on Florida’s Coral Reef to assess potential management actions. Zuercher, R., Kochan, D.P., Brumbaugh, R., Freeman, K., Layko, R., and Harborne, A.R. Aquatic Conservation (2023).
The Nature Conservancy’s Mapping Ocean Wealth Project: Modelling and Mapping Fishing Pressure and the Current and Potential Standing Stock of Coral-Reef Fishes in Five Jurisdictions of Micronesia. Harbonne, A. University of Queensland. (2016).
Quantifying fish and mobile invertebrate production from a threatened nursery habitat. zu Ergmgassen P.S.E., Grabowski J.H., Gair, J.R., and Powers S.P. Journal of Applied Ecology (2015).
The current state of knowledge on mangrove fishery values. Hutchinson, J., zu Ermgassen P.S.E. and Spalding, M. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (2015)
Building an expert-judgement based model of mangrove fisheries value. Hutchinson, J. Philipp D.P., Claussen J.E., Aburto-Oropeza O., Carrasquilla-Henao M., Castellanos-Gallindo G.A., Costa M., Daneshgar P.D., Hartmann H.J., Juanes F., Khan M.N., Knowles L., Knudsen E., Lee S.Y., Murchie K.J., Tiedemann J., zu Ermgassen P.S.E. and Spalding M. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (2015)
No Reef Is An Island: Integrating Coral Connectivity Data into the Design of Regional-Scale Marine Protected Area Networks. Schill, S.R., Raber, G.T., Roberts, J.J., Treml, E.A., Brenner, J., Halpin, P.H. PLoS ONE 10. (2015).
Quantitative estimate of commercial fish enhancement by seagrass habitat in southern Australia. Blandon, A., and Zu Ermgassen, P. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. (2014)
The Role of Mangroves in Fisheries Enhancement. Hutchison, J; Spalding, M, and zu Ermgassen, P. The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International. (2014)
Trends, current understanding and future research priorities for artisanal coral reef fisheries research. Johnson, A. E., Cinner, J. E., Hardt, M. J., Jacquet, J., McClanahan, T. R., and Sanchirico, J. N., Fish and Fisheries (2013)
State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2014)
Recreation and Tourism
Nature dependent tourism– Combining big data and local knowledge. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., McNulty, V.P., Constantine, S., Costa-Morel, M., Anthony, V., Cole, A.D., Hall, G., Nickel, B.A., Schill, S.R., Schuhmann, P.W., Tanner, D., Journal of Environmental Management. (2023).
Nature-based marine tourism in the Gulf of California and Baja California Peninsula: Economic benefits and key species. Cisneros-Montemayor, A.M., Townsel, A., Gonzales, C.M., Haas, A.R., Navarro-Holm, E.E., Salorio-Zunigo, T., Johnson A.F. Natural Resources Forum. (2020).
Global patterns in mangrove recreation and tourism. Spalding, M. & Parrett, C.L. Marine Policy. (2019).
Estimating reef-adjacent tourism values in the Caribbean. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., Acosta-Morel, M., Cole, A., Wood, S., Haberland, C., Ferdana, Z. Published by The Nature Conservancy (2019).
Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism. Spalding, M. Burke, L., Wood, S.A., Ashpole, J., Hutchison, J., zu Ermgassen, P. Marine Policy (2017).
A global map of coastal recreation values: Results from a spatially explicit meta-analysis. Ghermandi, A., and Nunes, P. A. L. D. Ecological Economics (2013)
The Global Economic Impact of Manta Ray Watching Tourism. O’Malley, M. P., Lee-Brooks, K., and Medd, H. B. PLoS ONE (2013)
Beach ‘lovers’ and ‘greens’: A worldwide empirical analysis of coastal tourism. Onofri, L., and Nunes, P. A. L. D. Ecological Economics. (2013)
Using social media to quantify nature-based tourism and recreation. Wood, S. A., Guerry, A. D., Silver, J. M., and Lacayo, M. Scientific Reports (2013)
Socio-economic value and community benefits from shark-diving tourism in Palau: A sustainable use of reef shark populations. Vianna, G. M. S., Meekan, M. G., Pannell, D. J., Marsh, S. P., and Meeuwig, J. J. Biological Conservation (2012)
Global shark currency: the distribution, frequency, and economic value of shark ecotourism. Gallagher, A. J., and Hammerschlag, N. Current Issues in Tourism. (2011)
The economic value of Guam’s coral reefs. Haider, W., Longland, M., Cesar, H., Sablan, J., Shjegstad, S., Beardmore, B., Liu, Y., and Garces, G. O. University of Guam. Thesis (2007)
Natural Coastal Protection
Mangroves for coastal defense. Guidelines for coastal managers & policy makers. Spalding M, McIvor A, Tonneijck FH, Tol S and van Eijk P. Published by Wetlands International and The Nature Conservancy. (2014)
Coasts at Risk: An Assessment of Coastal Risks and the Role of Environmental Solutions. (ed) M. W. Beck. A joint publication of United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Coastal Resources Center (CRC) at the University of Rhode Island. (2014)
Carbon Sequestration
The Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to estimate above-ground biomass of mangrove ecosystems. Navarro, A., Young, M., Allan, B., Carnell, P., Macreadie, P. Remote Sensing of Environment. (2020).
Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Howard, J., Sutton-Grier, A., Herr, D., Kleypas, J., Landis, E., Mcleod, E., Pidgeon, E., Simpson, S. Front. Ecol. Environ. (2017)
Coastal Blue Carbon: Methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows. Howard, J., Hoyt, S., Isensee, K., Pidgeon, E., Telszewski, M. (eds.). Conservation International, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2014)
Predicting global patterns in the carbon storage of mangrove forests. Hutchison, J., Manica, A., Swetnam, R., Balmford, A., and Spalding, M. Conservation Letters. (2013)
Carbon accumulation rates in salt marsh sediments suggest high carbon storage capacity. Ouyang, X., and Lee, S. Y. Biogeosciences Discuss. (2013)
The climate relevance of ecosystems beyond forests and peatlands: a review of current knowledge and recommendations for action. Epple, C. Bonn, BfN, (2012)
Water Filtration
Directly measured denitrification reveals oyster aquaculture and restored oyster reefs remove nitrogen at comparable high rates. Humphries, C., Ayvazian, S.G., Carey, J.C., Hancock, B.T., Grabbert, S., Cobb, D., Strobel, C.J., and Fulweiler, R.W. Frontiers in Marine Science (2016)
Quantifying the loss of a marine ecosystem service: filtration by the Eastern Oyster in US estuaries. Zu Ermgassen, P. S. E., Spalding, M. D., Grizzle, R., and Brumbaugh, R. Estuaries and Coasts (2013)
Quantifying the historic contribution of Olympia oysters to filtration in Pacific Coast (USA) estuaries, and the implications for restoration objectives. Zu Ermgassen, P. S. E., Gray, M. W., Langdon, C. J., Spalding, M. D., and R.D. Brumbaugh. Aquatic Ecology. (2013)
Coral Reefs
Recreation and tourism
Estimating reef-adjacent tourism values in the Caribbean. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., Acosta-Morel, M., Cole, A., Wood, S., Haberland, C., Ferdana, Z. Published by The Nature Conservancy (2019).
Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism. Spalding, M. Burke, L., Wood, S.A., Ashpole, J., Hutchison, J., zu Ermgassen, P. Marine Policy (2017).
Coastal Protection and adaptation
Coral reefs are effective for coastal hazard risk reduction. Ferrario, F., M. W. Beck, C. Storlazzi, F. Micheli, C. Shepard, L. Airoldi. Proc. USA Nat. Acad. of Sci. (2014)
Trends, current understanding and future research priorities for artisanal coral reef fisheries research. Johnson, A. E., Cinner, J. E., Hardt, M. J., Jacquet, J., McClanahan, T. R., and Sanchirico, J. N., Fish and Fisheries (2013)
Reefs at Risk Revisited. Burke, L., Reytar, K., Spalding, M.D., and A. Perry (2011).
The economic value of Guam’s coral reefs. Haider, W., Longland, M., Cesar, H., Sablan, J., Shjegstad, S., Beardmore, B., Liu, Y., and Garces, G. O. University of Guam. Thesis (2007)
Coral Reef Fisheries
Identifying correlates of coral-reef fish biomass on Florida’s Coral Reef to assess potential management actions. Zuercher, R., Kochan, D.P., Brumbaugh, R., Freeman, K., Layko, R., and Harborne, A.R. Aquatic Conservation (2023).
The Nature Conservancy’s Mapping Ocean Wealth Project: Modelling and Mapping Fishing Pressure and the Current and Potential Standing Stock of Coral-Reef Fishes in Five Jurisdictions of Micronesia. Harbonne, A. University of Queensland. (2016).
No Reef Is An Island: Integrating Coral Connectivity Data into the Design of Regional-Scale Marine Protected Area Networks. Schill, S.R., Raber, G.T., Roberts, J.J., Treml, E.A., Brenner, J., Halpin, P.H. PLoS ONE 10. (2015).
Mangroves
The Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to estimate above-ground biomass of mangrove ecosystems. Navarro, A., Young, M., Allan, B., Carnell, P., Macreadie, P. Remote Sensing of Environment. (2020).
Global patterns in mangrove recreation and tourism. Spalding, M. & Parrett, C.L. Marine Policy. (2019).
Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Howard, J., Sutton-Grier, A., Herr, D., Kleypas, J., Landis, E., Mcleod, E., Pidgeon, E., Simpson, S. Front. Ecol. Environ. (2017)
The current state of knowledge on mangrove fishery values. Hutchinson, J., zu Ermgassen P.S.E. and Spalding, M. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (2015)
Building an expert-judgement based model of mangrove fisheries value. Hutchinson, J. Philipp D.P., Claussen J.E., Aburto-Oropeza O., Carrasquilla-Henao M., Castellanos-Gallindo G.A., Costa M., Daneshgar P.D., Hartmann H.J., Juanes F., Khan M.N., Knowles L., Knudsen E., Lee S.Y., Murchie K.J., Tiedemann J., zu Ermgassen P.S.E. and Spalding M. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (2015)
Mangroves for coastal defense: Guidelines for coastal managers & policy makers. Spalding M, McIvor A, Tonneijck FH, Tol S and van Eijk P. Published by Wetlands International and The Nature Conservancy. (2014)
The Role of Mangroves in Fisheries Enhancement. Hutchison, J; Spalding, M, and zu Ermgassen, P. The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International. (2014)
The Response of Mangrove Soil Surface Elevation to Sea Level Rise. McIvor, A.L., Spencer, T., Möller., I and M.D. Spalding. The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International. (2013)
Predicting global patterns in the carbon storage of mangrove forests. Hutchison, J., Manica, A., Swetnam, R., Balmford, A., and Spalding, M. Conservation Letters. (2013)
Reduction of Wind and Swell Waves by Mangroves. McIvor, A. L., Möller, I., Spencer, T., and Spalding, M. Natural Coastal Protection Series: Report 1: The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International. (2012)
Storm Surge Reduction by Mangroves. McIvor, A.L., Spencer, T., Möller, I. and Spalding. M. Natural Coastal Protection Series: Report 2.The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International. (2012)
Salt Marshes
Ecosystem services: Delivering decision-making for salt marshes. zu Ermgassen, P., Baker, R., Beck, M.W., Dodds, K., zu Ermgassen, S.O.S.E, Mallick, D., Taylor, M.T., Turner, R.E. Estuaries and Coasts (2021)
Developing the next suite of tools for setting quantifiable objectives for habitat management: Advancing our capabilities to estimate ecosystem service values for salt marsh and seagrass habitat. DeAngelis, B., zu Ermgassen, P., Drake, C., Hancock, B., Kang, S., Landis, E., Piehler, M., Shepard, C., Spalding, M., zu Ermgassen, S. Report: The Nature Conservancy (2016)
Carbon accumulation rates in salt marsh sediments suggest high carbon storage capacity. Ouyang, X., and Lee, S. Y. Biogeosciences Discuss. (2013)
The protective role of coastal marshes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shepard, C. C., Crain, C. M., and Beck, M. W. (2011)
Shellfish Reefs
Directly measured denitrification reveals oyster aquaculture and restored oyster reefs remove nitrogen at comparable high rates. Humphries, C., Ayvazian, S.G., Carey, J.C., Hancock, B.T., Grabbert, S., Cobb, D., Strobel, C.J., and Fulweiler, R.W. Frontiers in Marine Science (2016)
Setting objectives for oysters habitat restoration using ecosystem services: A manager’s guide.zu Ermgassen, P., Hancock, B., DeAngelis, B., Greene, J., Schuster, E., Spalding, M., Brumbaugh. The Nature Conservation, Arlington, VA. 76 pp (2016).
The history and decline of Ostrea lurida in Willapa Bay, Washington. Blake, B., and zu Ermgassen P.S.E. Journal of Shellfish Research (2015).
Setting guidelines for monitoring and evaluating the performance of oyster habitat restoration projects. Baggett, L.P., Powers S.P., Brumbaugh R., Coen L., DeAngelis B., Greene J., Hancock B., Morlock S., Allen B., Breitburg D., Bushek D., Grabowski J., Grizzle R., Grosholz T., La Peyre M., Luckenbach M., McGraw K., Piehler M., Westby S.,and P.S.E. zu Ermgassen Restoration Ecology (2015)
Quantifying fish and mobile invertebrate production from a threatened nursery habitat. zu Ergmgassen P.S.E., Grabowski J.H., Gair, J.R., and Powers S.P. Journal of Applied Ecology (2015).
Fishery enhancement, coastal protection and water quality services provided by two restored Gulf of Mexico oyster reefs. Kroeger, T., and Guannel, G. IN Ninan, K. N. (ed.) Valuing Ecosystem Services – Methodological Issues and Case Studies (2014)
Quantifying the loss of a marine ecosystem service: filtration by the Eastern Oyster in US estuaries. Zu Ermgassen, P. S. E., Spalding, M. D., Grizzle, R., and Brumbaugh, R. Estuaries and Coasts (2013)
Quantifying the historic contribution of Olympia oysters to filtration in Pacific Coast (USA) estuaries, and the implications for restoration objectives. Zu Ermgassen, P. S. E., Gray, M. W., Langdon, C. J., Spalding, M. D., and R.D. Brumbaugh. Aquatic Ecology. (2013)
Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Oyster Reefs. Grabowski, J. H., Brumbaugh, R. D., Conrad, R. F., Keeler, A. G., Opaluch, J. J., Peterson, C. H., Piehler, M. F., Powers, S. P., and Smyth, A. R. BioScience. (2012)
Oyster reefs as natural breakwaters mitigate shoreline loss and facilitate fisheries. Scyphers, S. B., Powers, S. P., Heck, K. L., and Byron, D. PLoS ONE. (2011)
Shellfish Reefs at Risk. Beck, M.W., Brumbaugh, R. B., Airoldi, L., Carranza, A., Coen, L.D., Crawford, C., Defeo, O., Graham., J.E., Hancock, B., Kay, M., Lenihan., H., Luckenbach, M.W., Totopova., C.L., and Zhang, G. (2009)
Seagrass Beds
Developing the next suite of tools for setting quantifiable objectives for habitat management: Advancing our capabilities to estimate ecosystem service values for salt marsh and seagrass habitat. DeAngelis, B., zu Ermgassen, P., Drake, C., Hancock, B., Kang, S., Landis, E., Piehler, M., Shepard, C., Spalding, M., zu Ermgassen, S. Report: The Nature Conservancy (2016)
Quantitative estimate of commercial fish enhancement by seagrass ecosystem in southern Australia.
Pelagic Waters
The High Seas and Us: Understanding the Value of High-Seas Ecosystems. Rogers, A.D., Sumaila, U.R., Hussain, S.S. and Baulcomb, C. Global Ocean Commission Report. (2014)
Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries. Sumaila U.R., Cheung W.W.L., Lam, V.W.Y., Pauly, D., Herrick S. Nature Climate Change. (2011)
Australia
The Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to estimate above-ground biomass of mangrove ecosystems. Navarro, A., Young, M., Allan, B., Carnell, P., Macreadie, P. Remote Sensing of Environment. (2020).
Stable isotopes infer the value of Australia’s coastal vegetated ecosystems from fisheries. Janes, H., Macreadie, P.I., Nicholson, E., Ierodiaconou, D., Reeves, S., Taylor, M.D., Carnell, P.E. Fish and Fisheries (2020).
Mapping Ocean Wealth Australia: The value of coastal wetlands to people and nature. Carnell, P.E, Reeves, S.E, Nicholson, E., Macreadie, P. Ierodiaconou, D., Young, M., Kelvin, J., Janes, H., Navarro, A., Fitzsimons, J., Gillies, C.L. The Nature Conservancy, Melbourne. (2019).
Optimal soil carbon sampling designs to achieve cost-effectiveness: a case study in blue carbon ecosystems. Young, M.A., Macreadie, P., Duncan, C., Carnell, P.E., Nicholson, E., Serrano, O., Duarte, C.M., Shiell, G., Baldock, J., Ierodiaconou, D. Biology Letters (2018).
U.S. Atlantic Coast
Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment Site
Seafloor Mapping for Ecosystem Management in the Gulf of Maine. Grabowski, J. H., and T. Hart. American Fisheries Society (2012)
Detection of deep water benthic macroalgae using image-based classification techniques on multibeam backscatter at Cashes Ledge, Gulf of Maine, USA. .McGoniglea, C., Grabowski. J., Brown, C., Weber,T., and R. Quinna. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. (2011)
Exploring the life-history implications of colour variation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Sherwood, G. D., and J. H. Grabowski. ICES Journal of Marine Science (2010)
Caribbean
Nature dependent tourism– Combining big data and local knowledge. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., McNulty, V.P., Constantine, S., Costa-Morel, M., Anthony, V., Cole, A.D., Hall, G., Nickel, B.A., Schill, S.R., Schuhmann, P.W., Tanner, D., Journal of Environmental Management. (2023).
Mapping Ocean Wealth in Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Final Synthesis Report under the Caribbean Regional Oceanscape Project. Longley-Wood, K., McNulty, V., Constantine, S., Harborne, A., and Zuercher, R., Spalding M. Report by The Nature Conservancy for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (2021).
Estimating reef-adjacent tourism values in the Caribbean. Spalding, M., Longley-Wood, K., Acosta-Morel, M., Cole, A., Wood, S., Haberland, C., Ferdana, Z. Published by The Nature Conservancy (2019).
No Reef Is An Island: Integrating Coral Connectivity Data into the Design of Regional-Scale Marine Protected Area Networks. Schill, S.R., Raber, G.T., Roberts, J.J., Treml, E.A., Brenner, J., Halpin, P.H. PLoS ONE 10. (2015).
Florida
Identifying correlates of coral-reef fish biomass on Florida’s Coral Reef to assess potential management actions. Zuercher, R., Kochan, D.P., Brumbaugh, R., Freeman, K., Layko, R., and Harborne, A.R. Aquatic Conservation (2023).
Gulf of California
Nature-based marine tourism in the Gulf of California and Baja California Peninsula: Economic benefits and key species. Cisneros-Montemayor, A.M., Townsel, A., Gonzales, C.M., Haas, A.R., Navarro-Holm, E.E., Salorio-Zunigo, T., Johnson A.F. Natural Resources Forum. (2020).
Transnational Ecosystem Services: The Potential of Habitat Conservation for Waterfowl Through Recreational Hunting Activities. Rubio-Cisneros, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza , Jason Murray, Charlotte E. Gonzalez-Abraham, Jeremy Jackson & Exequiel Ezcurra (2014)
Spatial structure of commercial marine fisheries in Northwest Mexico. Erisman, B. E., Paredes, G. A., Plomozo-Lugo, T., Cota-Nieto, J. J., Hastings, P. A., and Aburto-Oropeza, O. (2011).
Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. Aburto-Oropeza O, Erisman B, Galland GR, Mascaren˜ as-Osorio I, Sala E, et al. (2011)
Indonesia
Scientific design of a resilient network of marine protected areas. Lesser Sunda Ecoregion, Coral Triangle. Wilson, J., Darmawan, A., Subijanto. J., Green, A., and S. Sheppard. The Nature Conservancy Asia Pacific Marine Program.(2011)
Selected Indonesian Fisheries Subsidies Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Policy Coherence and Effectiveness. Ghofar, A., Schorr., D., and A. Halim. The Nature Conservancy – Coral Triangle Center, Indonesia. (2008)
Micronesia
The Nature Conservancy’s Mapping Ocean Wealth Project: Modelling and Mapping Fishing Pressure and the Current and Potential Standing Stock of Coral-Reef Fishes in Five Jurisdictions of Micronesia. Harbonne, A. University of Queensland. (2016).
The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of Palau. Marino, S., Bauman, A., Miles, J., Kitalong, A., Bukurou, A., Mersai, C., Verheij, E., Olkeriil, I.,Basilius, K., Colin, P., Patris, S., Victor, S., Andrew, W. Miles, J., Y Golbuu. NOAA, (2008)
